European Commission
European Commission: one of the European Union institutions in which political authority resides. The Commission is responsible for ensuring that the provisions of the various treaties making up the legal framework of the European Union are observed. It is the formal initiator of policy and legislative proposals, the implementer of European Union policy and the enforcer of European Community law. It consists of 20 commissioners, each appointed for four years, who are responsible for defined subject areas. They are chosen because of their general competence, and their independence must not be in doubt. The Commission is reappointed every five years. Every member state is entitled to one commissioner, but France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom have two. The Commission is divided into more than 20 Directorates- General (DG). Not all of them are active. DG-I is concerned with external economic relations, including negotiations in the WTO, DG-IV deals with competition and DG-VI with agriculture. Under Article 228 of the Treaty of Rome and some other articles, external agreements are to be negotiated by the Commission and concluded by the Council of the European Union (the Council of Ministers). In broad terms, the Council of Ministers lays down general negotiating guidelines which the Commission then follows in the negotiations. Through the Treaty of Nice, when it enters into force, European Union members have agreed that from 2005 each member will have one Commission member only. Once European Union membership reaches 27, the number of commissioners will be permanently capped at less than 27. The nationality of the Commissoners will then be determined by a system of rotation.
Source: http://ctrc.sice.oas.org/trc/WTO/Documents/Dictionary%20of%20trade%20%20policy%20terms.pdf
Web site to visit: http://ctrc.sice.oas.org
Author of the text: W. Goode
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