Shrimp/turtle
Shrimp/turtle: a case brought before the WTO in 1997 by Thailand, Malaysia, India and Pakistan against the United States. The background to the case was that all sea turtles found in United States waters are listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. In 1987 the United States issued regulations which required all shrimp trawlers to use turtle excluder devices (TEDs). Section 609 of Public Law 101-162, enacted in 1989, calls on the United States Secretary of State to negotiate bilateral and multilateral agreements for the protection and conservation of sea turtles. This law also provides that shrimp harvested with technology that may adversely affect certain sea turtles may not be imported into the United States unless the harvesting nation has a regulatory program and an incidental take rate comparable to that of the United States, or that the particular fishing environment of the harvesting nation does not pose a threat to sea turtles. Until 1995 Section 609 was applied only to countries of the Caribbean/Western Atlantic. In December 1995 the United States Court of International Trade ruled that all imports of shrimp and shrimp products harvested in the wild with commercial technology having an adverse effect on sea turtles should be stopped by 1 May 1996. That ruling was put into effect. By 1 January 1998 19 countries had been certified as having adopted a harvesting program meeting the United States criteria. Some of these countries had received, or were receiving, technical and financial assistance from the United States to achieve certification. Some
Source: http://ctrc.sice.oas.org/trc/WTO/Documents/Dictionary%20of%20trade%20%20policy%20terms.pdf
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Author of the text: W. Goode
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