Glossary of science and physics terms meanings

A.C. Generator meaning Absolute zero meaning Absorption spectra meaning Absorption spectrum meaning Acceleration meaning Acceleration (a) meaning Acceleration of free fall (g) meaning Accuracy meaning Acid rain meaning Acoustic impedance (Z) meaning Activity (A) meaning Activity network meaning Adaptation meaning Addiction (drugs) meaning Addition law meaning Adjacency matrix meaning Adult cell cloning meaning Algorithm meaning Alkali metals meaning Alkene meaning Allele meaning Alloy meaning Alpha particle meaning Alternating current meaning Alternating path meaning Ammeter meaning Amount of substance meaning Ampere meaning Amplifier meaning Amplitude meaning Amplitude, oscillations (xo) meaning Amplitude, waves (xo) meaning Anabolic steroid meaning Analogue meaning Analogy meaning Angle of incidence meaning Angle of reflection meaning Angular momentum meaning Annihilation meaning Anomaly (outlier) meaning Antibiotic meaning Antibiotic resistance meaning Antibody meaning Antigen meaning Antinode meaning Antiparticle meaning Antitoxin meaning Arc meaning Area (A) meaning Asexual reproduction meaning Astronaut meaning Astronomical unit (AU) meaning Atmosphere meaning Atmospheric pollution meaning Atom meaning Atomic number meaning Attenuation coefficient meaning Attraction meaning Auxin meaning Average speed meaning Avogadro constant (NA) meaning Back e.M.F meaning Bacterium meaning Balanced diet meaning Baryon meaning Baryon number meaning Basalt meaning Battery meaning Becquerel meaning Beta decay meaning Beta particle meaning Big bang theory meaning Binary search meaning Binary stars meaning Binding energy meaning Binding energy per nucleon meaning Biodegradable meaning Biodiesel meaning Biofuel meaning Bioleaching meaning Biomass meaning Bipartite graph meaning Bivariate data meaning Black hole meaning Blood cholesterol level meaning Boiling meaning Boiling point meaning Boltzmann constant (k) meaning Bottom meaning Boxplot meaning Boyle’s law meaning Braking distance meaning Breakthrough meaning Brittle meaning Brownian motion meaning Bubble sort meaning Calcium carbonate meaning Capacitance (C) meaning Capacitor meaning Capacitor discharge meaning Carbon capture and storage (CCS) meaning Carbon cycle meaning Carbon neutral fuel meaning Cause meaning Cavity wall insulation meaning Cell meaning Cell elongation meaning Cell membrane meaning Celsius meaning Cement meaning Central Nervous System (CNS) meaning Centre of gravity meaning Centre of mass meaning Centripetal acceleration (a) meaning Centripetal force meaning Ceramic meaning Chain reaction meaning Charge meaning Charm meaning Chinese postman problem meaning Chromosome meaning Circuit meaning Circular motion meaning Classification (of organisms) meaning Climate change meaning Clinical trial meaning Clone meaning Cloning meaning Closed universe meaning Cloud chamber meaning Coding meaning Coefficient of friction meaning Coherence meaning Collimation meaning Combustion meaning Comet meaning Compass meaning Complement ( of an event A) meaning Complete combustion meaning Complete graph meaning Complete matching meaning Component meaning Component of force meaning Components meaning Components of a vector meaning Compound meaning Compressible meaning Compression meaning Compressive force meaning Compton effect meaning Computerised axial tomography (CAT) meaning Concentration meaning Condensation meaning Conditional probability meaning Conduction meaning Conduction (electrical) meaning Conduction (thermal) meaning Conductor meaning Conservation of charge meaning Conservation of energy meaning Conservation of energy principle meaning Conservation of momentum meaning Continental drift meaning Continental plate meaning Continuous random variable meaning Control group meaning Control variable meaning Convection meaning Conventional current meaning Cooling curve meaning Core meaning Correlation meaning Cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) meaning Cosmological principle meaning Cost-effective (types of insulation) meaning Coulomb meaning Coulomb’s law meaning Couple meaning Covalent bond meaning Cracking meaning Critical activity meaning Critical damping meaning Critical density of the universe meaning Critical path meaning Crumple zone meaning Crust meaning Culture (of microorganisms) meaning Cumulative distribution function meaning Current meaning Cutting (plants) meaning Cycle meaning Cytoplasm meaning Damped oscillations meaning De Broglie equation meaning Decay constant (λ) meaning Deceleration meaning Decibel (dB) meaning Decision variable meaning Decommissioning meaning Deficiency disease meaning Degree meaning Degree Celsius meaning Density meaning Density (r) meaning Dependent variable meaning Diffraction meaning Diffusion meaning Digital meaning Digraph meaning Dijkstra's algorithm meaning Directly proportional meaning Discrete random variable meaning Discrete uniform distribution meaning Dispersed meaning Dispersion meaning Displacement (in waves) meaning Displacement (s or x) meaning Displacement reaction meaning Displacement, SHM meaning Displacement–time graph meaning Dissipated meaning Distance (d) meaning Distillation meaning Distribution (of organisms) meaning DNA meaning Doppler effect meaning Double glazing meaning Double-blind trial meaning Down meaning Drag meaning Drag coefficient meaning Drift velocity meaning Driving force meaning Driving frequency meaning Drug meaning Ductile meaning Dummy meaning Dyke meaning Dynamo meaning Eardrum meaning Early event time meaning Earthquake meaning Eclipse (lunar) meaning Eclipse (solar) meaning Ecological relationship meaning Edge meaning Effective (types of insulation) meaning Effector meaning Efficiency meaning Einstein’s mass/energy equation meaning Elastic collision (perfectly) meaning Elastic deformation meaning Elastic limit meaning Elastic potential energy meaning Electric charge (Q or q) meaning Electric current (I) meaning Electric field meaning Electric field strength (E) meaning Electrocution meaning Electrolysis meaning Electrolyte meaning Electromagnet meaning Electromagnetic induction meaning Electromagnetic relay meaning Electromagnetic spectrum meaning Electromagnetic wave meaning Electromotive force (e.M.F.) meaning Electron meaning Electron diffraction meaning Electron flow meaning Electron shell meaning Electronic structure meaning Electronvolt meaning Element meaning Embryo transfer (cloning) meaning Emission spectrum meaning Emulsifier meaning Emulsion meaning Endoscope meaning Endothermic meaning Energy (E) meaning Energy level meaning Energy levels meaning Epidemic meaning Equations of motion meaning Equilibrium meaning Erosion meaning Ethanol meaning Eulerian graph meaning Evaporation meaning Event meaning Evolution (of a species) meaning Evolutionary relationship meaning Exothermic meaning Expansion meaning Expected value meaning Explanatory variable meaning Exponential meaning Exponential decay meaning Extension meaning Extension (x) meaning Extrapolation meaning Extremophile meaning Fair test meaning Farad meaning Faraday’s law meaning Fence meaning Fermentation meaning Fertilisation meaning Fertility meaning Field meaning Field lines meaning Filament meaning Filter (light) meaning Filter (mixture) meaning First-fit decreasing algorithm meaning Fission products meaning Fission meaning Fissure meaning Flammability meaning Flash flood meaning Flat universe meaning Fleming’s left-hand rule meaning Fleming’s right-hand rule meaning Fluid meaning Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) meaning Food chain meaning Food web meaning Force meaning Force (F) meaning Force constant (k) meaning Forced oscillation meaning Fossil meaning Fossil fuel meaning Fraction meaning Fractional distillation meaning Free fall meaning Free oscillations meaning Free-body diagram meaning Frequency meaning Frequency (f) meaning Frequency density meaning Friction meaning Fuel meaning Fundamental frequency meaning Fundamental particle meaning Fuse meaning Fusion meaning G, acceleration of free fall meaning Gabbro meaning Galaxy meaning Gamete meaning Gamma camera meaning Gamma rays meaning Gantt chart meaning Gas meaning Geiger tube meaning Gene meaning Generator meaning Genetic engineering meaning Genetically modified (GM) crop meaning Geocentric meaning Geologist meaning Geology meaning Geostationary meaning Geostationary orbit meaning Geothermal energy meaning Geotropism meaning Glaciers meaning Gland meaning Global dimming meaning Global positioning system meaning Global warming meaning Gradient meaning Gradient of a graph meaning Gram (g) meaning Granite meaning Gravel meaning Gravitational constant (G) meaning Gravitational field meaning Gravitational field strength (g) meaning Gravitational force meaning Gravitational potential energy meaning Gravitropism meaning Gravity meaning Greenhouse effect meaning Group meaning Hadron meaning Half-life meaning Half-value thickness meaning Hard drug meaning Harmonics meaning Heat capacity meaning Heat radiation meaning Heavy damping meaning Heliocentric meaning Hertz (Hz) meaning Histogram meaning Homoeostasis meaning Homogeneous meaning Hooke’s law meaning Hormone meaning Hot water tank jacket meaning Hubble constant (Ho) meaning Hubble’s law meaning Hydraulic meaning Hydrocarbon meaning Hydroelectric meaning Hydrogenation meaning Hydrophilic meaning Hydrophobic meaning Hypothesis meaning Ideal gas meaning Ideal gas equation meaning Ideal gas temperature (T) meaning Igneous rock meaning Immunity meaning Impedance matching meaning Impulse meaning In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) meaning Incomplete combustion meaning Incompressible meaning Independent variable meaning Independent events meaning Independent variable meaning Induced e.M.F. meaning Inelastic collision meaning Infectious disease meaning Infrared meaning Infrared (IR) radiation meaning Instantaneous speed meaning Insulation meaning Insulator meaning Intensity meaning Interference meaning Internal energy meaning Internal resistance (r) meaning Interpolation meaning Interquartile range meaning Intersection (of events) meaning Intrusive igneous rocks meaning Inverse square law meaning Inversely proportional meaning Ion meaning Ionic bonding meaning Ionisation meaning Isotopes meaning Isotropic meaning I–V characteristic meaning Joule meaning Joule (J) meaning Joule meaning Kelvin meaning Kepler’s third law meaning Kilo (k) meaning Kilogram (kg) meaning Kilowatt meaning Kilowatt-hour meaning Kilowatt-hour (kWh) meaning Kinetic meaning Kinetic energy meaning Kinetic energy (KE) meaning Kinetic model of a gas meaning Kinetic theory meaning Kirchhoff’s first law meaning Kirchhoff’s second law meaning Kruskal's algorithm meaning Laminate meaning Larmor frequency (fL) meaning Latent heat of fusion meaning Latent heat of vaporisation meaning Lava meaning Lens meaning Lenz’s law meaning Lepton meaning Lepton number meaning Lift meaning Light damping meaning Light dependent resistor, LDR meaning Light emitting diode, LED meaning Light year meaning Limestone meaning Limewater meaning Limiting value (of friction) meaning Line of best fit meaning Line spectrum meaning Linear momentum (p) meaning Linear programming meaning Linear regression meaning Liquid meaning Living indicator meaning Location meaning Loft insulation meaning Longitudinal wave meaning Loudness meaning Lower quartile meaning Luteinising Hormone (LH) meaning Magma meaning Magnet meaning Magnetic field meaning Magnetic field strength meaning Magnetic flux meaning Magnetic flux density (B) meaning Magnetic flux linkage meaning Magnetic material meaning Magnetic moment meaning Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) meaning Main sequence star meaning Malleable meaning Malnourishment meaning Malus’ law meaning Mantle meaning Marble meaning Mass meaning Mass (m) meaning Mass number meaning Mass number (Z) meaning Mass spectrometer meaning Mean meaning Mean density of the universe meaning Meander meaning Mechanical wave meaning Median meaning Medium meaning Mega (M) meaning Melting meaning Melting point meaning Menstrual cycle meaning Meson meaning Metabolic rate meaning Metabolism meaning Metal meaning Metamorphic rock meaning Meteorite meaning Methane meaning Microphone meaning Microwaves meaning Minerals meaning Minimum spanning tree meaning Mixture meaning MMR vaccine meaning Mode meaning Model meaning Molar gas constant (R) meaning Mole meaning Molecular ordering meaning Molecular spacing meaning Molecule meaning Moment meaning Moment of a force meaning Momentum meaning Monochromatic light meaning Monomer meaning Monounsaturated fat meaning Moon meaning Motor neurone meaning MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) meaning Mudstone meaning Mutation meaning Mutually exclusive meaning National Grid meaning Natural frequency (fn or fo) meaning Natural selection meaning Nebulae meaning Negative correlation meaning Negative ion meaning Neoprene meaning Nerves meaning Nervous system meaning Neurone meaning Neutrino meaning Neutron meaning Neutron star meaning Newton meaning Newton metre (Nm) meaning Newton’s first law meaning Newton’s law of gravitation meaning Newton’s second law meaning Newton’s third law meaning Noble gases meaning Node meaning Non-living indicator meaning Non-renewable energy resource meaning Normal meaning Normal distribution meaning Normal force meaning Nuclear reactor meaning Nucleon meaning Nucleon number meaning Nucleus meaning Nucleus (of a cell) meaning Nucleus (of an atom) meaning Nuclide meaning Nutrient meaning Obesity meaning Obsidian meaning Ocean floor spreading meaning Oceanic plate meaning Oestrogen meaning Ohm meaning Ohm’s law meaning Olbers’ paradox meaning Onion peel weathering meaning Opaque meaning Open universe meaning Optimal solution (bin-packing) meaning Optimum dose (in drug testing) meaning Oral contraceptive meaning Ore meaning Organ meaning Organ system meaning Organism meaning Oscilloscope meaning Osmosis meaning Outcome meaning Outlier meaning Ovary meaning Oxidation meaning Oxide meaning Ozone (O3) meaning Pair production meaning Palaeontologist meaning Pandemic meaning Parachute meaning Parallel circuit meaning Parallel circuits meaning Parsec meaning Partial combustion meaning Pascal (Pa) meaning Pathogen meaning Payback time meaning Peak demand meaning Penicillin meaning Percentiles meaning Performance-enhancing drug meaning Period (T) meaning Periodic table meaning Perpendicular meaning PH scale meaning Phase difference (f) meaning Phase difference, oscillations meaning Phase difference, waves meaning Phase of a substance meaning Photocell meaning Photoelectric effect meaning Photon meaning Photosynthesis meaning Phototropism meaning Phytomining meaning Piezoelectric effect meaning Pion meaning Pitch meaning Pituitary gland meaning Pivot meaning Placebo (in drug testing) meaning Planck constant (h) meaning Plane meaning Plane polarised wave meaning Planet meaning Plasma meaning Plastic deformation meaning Plastics meaning Plate tectonics meaning Polarisation meaning Pole meaning Pollution meaning Polymer meaning Polymeric material meaning Polymerisation meaning Polymers meaning Polyunsaturated fat meaning Porous meaning Porportional meaning Positive correlation meaning Positive ion meaning Positron emission tomography meaning Potential difference meaning Potential difference (p.D.) meaning Potential divider meaning Potential energy meaning Potential gradient meaning Pothole meaning Power meaning Power (P) meaning Precession meaning Precipitate meaning Precision meaning Prediction meaning Pressure (p) meaning Primary colours (light) meaning Primordial soup theory meaning Principle of moments meaning Prism meaning Probabiity function meaning Product meaning Product law meaning Product moment correlation coefficient meaning Progesterone meaning Progressive wave meaning Proton meaning Proton number meaning Pulsar meaning Pulse repetition frequency meaning Pumice meaning Pumped storage meaning Pure meaning Pyramid of biomass meaning Qualitative variable meaning Quantitative variable meaning Quantum meaning Quark meaning Quartiles meaning Quasar meaning Radian (rad) meaning Radiation meaning Radio waves meaning Radioactive decay meaning Radioactivity meaning Radiotherapy meaning Random meaning Random variable meaning Range meaning Ray meaning Ray diagram meaning Reactant meaning Reaction force meaning Reactivity series meaning Receptor meaning Recreational drug meaning Red giant meaning Red-shift meaning Redshift meaning Reflection meaning Reflex meaning Reflex arc meaning Refraction meaning Regression line meaning Relay neurone meaning Reliability meaning Renewable meaning Renewable energy resource meaning Repeatability meaning Reproducibility meaning Residual meaning Resistance meaning Resistance (R) meaning Resistivity (r) meaning Resolution meaning Resolution of vectors meaning Resolving a force meaning Resonance meaning Response variable meaning Resultant force meaning Resultant velocity meaning Rock cycle meaning Rooting powder meaning Salts meaning Sample space meaning Sandstone meaning Sankey diagram meaning Satellite meaning Saturated meaning Saturated solution meaning Scalar meaning Scatter diagram meaning Scattering meaning Sedimentary rock meaning Seismologist meaning Selective weedkiller meaning Semiconductor meaning Sense organ meaning Sensory neurone meaning Series circuit meaning Sexual reproduction meaning Shadow meaning Sill meaning Silt meaning Simple harmonic motion (shm) meaning Skewness meaning Slate meaning Slow neutrons meaning Smart material meaning Smooth surface meaning Soft drug meaning Solar meaning Solar cell meaning Solar System meaning Solid meaning Solute meaning Solution meaning Solvent meaning Specific heat capacity meaning Specific latent heat of fusion meaning Specific latent heat of vaporisation meaning Spectral line meaning Spectrum meaning Speed (s) meaning Spin meaning Spontaneous meaning Spring constant meaning Stable community meaning Standard deviation meaning Standard normal variable, Z meaning Standing wave meaning Star meaning Start-up time meaning State of a substance meaning States of matter meaning Statins meaning Stationary wave meaning Stem and leaf diagram meaning Sterilisation (avoiding contamination) meaning Stimulant meaning Stimulus meaning Stopping distance meaning Strain meaning Strange meaning Strangeness meaning Strata meaning Streamlined meaning Stress meaning Strong interaction meaning Strong nuclear force meaning Subatomic particle meaning Subgraph meaning Sun meaning Supernova meaning Superposition meaning Surface area to volume ratio meaning Sustainable meaning Synapse meaning Target cell meaning Tectonic plates meaning Temperature meaning Temperature (T) meaning Tensile force meaning Tensile stress meaning Tension meaning Terminal meaning Terminal velocity meaning Tesla meaning Thalidomide meaning Theory meaning Thermal decomposition meaning Thermal equilibrium meaning Thermistor meaning Thinking distance meaning Threshold frequency meaning Thrust meaning Tidal barrage meaning Time constant (CR) meaning Time interval (t) meaning Time period, circular motion (T) meaning Time period, wave (T) meaning Tissue meaning Tissue culture (plants) meaning Top meaning Torque meaning Toxicity meaning Toxin meaning Trace table meaning Tracer meaning Transducer meaning Transformer meaning Transformer efficiency meaning Transformer, step-down meaning Transformer, step-up meaning Transition metals meaning Translucent meaning Transmutation meaning Transparent meaning Transportation meaning Transverse wave meaning Tree diagram meaning Trial meaning Triangle of forces meaning Trophic level meaning Turbulence meaning Turning forces meaning Turns ratio meaning Type 2 diabetes meaning Ultimate tensile strength meaning Ultimate tensile stress meaning Ultrasound meaning Ultraviolet meaning Uncertainty meaning Unified atomic mass unit meaning Uniform body meaning Union (of events A and B) meaning Universe meaning Unsaturated meaning Up meaning Upper quartile meaning Upthrust meaning Uterus meaning U-value meaning Vaccination meaning Valid conclusion meaning Validity meaning Variable meaning Variance meaning Variation meaning Vector meaning Velocity meaning Velocity (v) meaning Velocity selector meaning Velocity–time graph meaning Venn diagram meaning Virtual image meaning Virus meaning Viscosity meaning Volatility meaning Volcano meaning Volt meaning Voltage meaning Voltmeter meaning Volts (V) meaning Volume (V) meaning Wasted energy meaning Watt meaning Wave meaning Wavelength meaning Wavelength (l) meaning Wave–particle duality meaning Weak interaction meaning Weak nuclear force meaning Weathering meaning Weber meaning Weight meaning Weight (w) meaning White blood cell meaning White dwarf meaning Withdrawal symptom meaning Work (W) meaning Work function energy meaning X-rays meaning Young modulus (Y) meaning Young’s double slit meaning Z-tables meaning

Glossary of science and physics terms meanings

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Glossary of science and physics terms meanings

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