Electronic timing
Electronic timing finer and more precise time measurement compared to the measurement with mechanical stop watches operated by hand. Electronic measurement instruments are used to measure time especially in running, racing, and swimming competitions. Time is measured with a precision of 1/100 sec (in the bobsled even 1/1000 sec) by means of electric impulses (photo cells, finish cameras, etc.) Which are given at the start as well as at the finish line (or the wall in swimming) by means of force platform contact, connection of the starting pistol with the measurement instrument, etc. Electronic timing was used for the first time officially at the olympic games 1972 in munich. (H.Haag &g. Haag, dictionary, 2003, 165 p)
Source: http://lspa.eu/files/study/lection_materials/U.Svinks/Sport_lexis_terms_explanatory_dictionary_in_english.pdf
List of Literature and The List of Abbreviations sources used in the source document
1. Chambers Sports Factfinder. Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd 2005. [ISBN 0550 101616] (Chambers. Sports Factf.,2005)
2. Dictionary of Leisure, Travel and Tourism. Third edition. A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 2008. [ISBN 9780713685459] (Dict. of Leis., Trav. and Tour., 2008)
3. Dictionary. Sport, Physical Education, Sport Science. Editors Herbert Haag&Gerald Haag. Kiel, Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaften, 2003. [ISBN 3-7780-3419-7] ((H.Haag &G. Haag, Dictionary, 2003)
4. Dictionary of Sport and Exercise Science A&Black Publishers Ltd 2006. [ISBN -10: 0713677856; ISBN-13: 9780713677850] (Dict. of Sp.and Ex.Sc,2006)
5. Dictionary of the Sport and Exercise Sciences. Mark H.Anshel, Editor. Human Kinetics Books Champaign, Illinois, 1991 [ISBN: 0-87322-379-9] (Dict. of sp. and Ex. Sc. 1991)
Web site to visit: http://lspa.eu
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